? ? ? ?電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)涂裝(zhuang)涉(she)及一(yi)個復(fu)雜的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)化學反應過程(cheng)，主要(yao)包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)沉積、電(dian)(dian)(dian)解和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)滲四(si)個步驟。電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)涂裝(zhuang)按沉積性(xing)能可分為陽極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)（工(gong)件是(shi)(shi)陽極(ji)(ji)，涂料(liao)是(shi)(shi)陰(yin)離(li)子(zi)型）和(he)(he)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)（工(gong)件是(shi)(shi)陰(yin)極(ji)(ji)，涂料(liao)是(shi)(shi)陽離(li)子(zi)型）；按電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)可分為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)和(he)(he)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)；按工(gong)藝方法(fa)又有(you)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)(he)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)法(fa)。目前在工(gong)業上較為廣泛采用的(de)是(shi)(shi)直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)法(fa)的(de)陽極(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)。

? ? ? ?在陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)料中，其官(guan)能團含羥基，經有機胺(an)或(huo)堿中和作用后變(bian)得具有水溶性(xing)或(huo)水分(fen)散性(xing)，形(xing)成(cheng)帶負電(dian)(dian)的粒(li)子。這些粒(li)子在電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)過程中向作為陽(yang)極(ji)的工件表面遷移并沉積，形(xing)成(cheng)了所(suo)謂的陽(yang)極(ji)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)。電泳(yong)(yong)涂裝過程伴(ban)隨電泳(yong)(yong)、電沉積、電解、電滲等四(si)種化學物理作用(yong)的(de)組合，而(er)形成涂膜。

? ? ? ?電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)。膠(jiao)體(ti)溶(rong)液(ye)中的(de)(de)陽極(ji)和(he)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)接電(dian)后，在電(dian)場的(de)(de)作用下(xia)帶正（或負）電(dian)荷膠(jiao)體(ti)粒子向(xiang)陰(yin)(yin)極(ji)（或陽極(ji)）一(yi)方泳(yong)(yong)(yong)動現象稱為電(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)。膠(jiao)體(ti)溶(rong)液(ye)中的(de)(de)物質不是分(fen)子和(he)離子形態(tai)，而(er)是分(fen)散在液(ye)體(ti)中的(de)(de)溶(rong)質，該(gai)物質較大（10??~10??m程度），不會沉淀(dian)，而(er)是分(fen)散狀態(tai)。

? ? ? ?電(dian)(dian)沉積(ji)凝(ning)(ning)集。固體(ti)從液(ye)體(ti)中析(xi)出的(de)(de)現象稱為凝(ning)(ning)集（凝(ning)(ning)聚(ju)、沉積(ji)），一(yi)般是由(you)于冷卻或濃(nong)縮溶(rong)液(ye)而(er)產生，而(er)電(dian)(dian)泳涂裝(zhuang)中是借助于電(dian)(dian)。在陰極(ji)電(dian)(dian)泳涂裝(zhuang)時帶正電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)粒(li)子在陰極(ji)上凝(ning)(ning)聚(ju)，帶負(fu)電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)粒(li)子（離子）在陽極(ji)聚(ju)集，當帶正電(dian)(dian)荷的(de)(de)膠體(ti)粒(li)子（樹脂(zhi)和(he)顏(yan)料）到達(da)陰極(ji)（被涂料）表面區（高(gao)堿性的(de)(de)介(jie)面層），得(de)到電(dian)(dian)子，并與氫氧離子反應(ying)變(bian)成(cheng)水不(bu)溶(rong)性，沉積(ji)在陰極(ji)（被涂物）上。

? ? ? ?電(dian)解。在具有(you)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)導電(dian)性的(de)溶液中的(de)陽極(ji)和陰(yin)極(ji)接通直流電(dian)，陰(yin)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)吸往(wang)陽極(ji)，陽離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)吸往(wang)陰(yin)極(ji)，并(bing)產生化學反(fan)應。在陽極(ji)產生金屬溶解，電(dian)解氧(yang)化，產生氧(yang)氣、氯氣等，陽極(ji)是能產生氧(yang)化反(fan)應的(de)電(dian)極(ji)。在陰(yin)極(ji)產生金屬析出(chu)，并(bing)將氫(qing)離(li)(li)子(zi)(zi)電(dian)解還原為氫(qing)氣。

? ? ? ?電(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。在(zai)用(yong)半透膜(mo)(mo)(mo)間隔的(de)濃(nong)度(du)不同的(de)溶液(ye)(ye)的(de)兩端（陰極(ji)和(he)陽極(ji)）通電(dian)(dian)后，低濃(nong)度(du)的(de)溶媒向高濃(nong)度(du)側移行(xing)現象稱為電(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。剛沉積到(dao)被涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)物表面上的(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)是半滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)透的(de)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)，在(zai)電(dian)(dian)場的(de)持續作(zuo)用(yong)下，涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)內(nei)部所含的(de)水分從涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)中(zhong)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)析出來(lai)移向槽(cao)液(ye)(ye)，使(shi)(shi)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)脫水，這就是電(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)。電(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)使(shi)(shi)親水的(de)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)變成憎水涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)，脫水使(shi)(shi)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)致密化。電(dian)(dian)滲(shen)(shen)(shen)(shen)性(xing)好(hao)的(de)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)料泳(yong)涂(tu)(tu)(tu)(tu)后的(de)濕(shi)漆(qi)可(ke)用(yong)手(shou)摸也不粘手(shou)，可(ke)用(yong)水沖洗掉附著在(zai)濕(shi)漆(qi)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)上的(de)槽(cao)液(ye)(ye)。

? ? ? ?在統(tong)一的前處理條件下，電(dian)泳涂裝質量的關(guan)鍵依(yi)賴于(yu)對槽(cao)液參數的精確控制，這(zhe)包(bao)括電(dian)泳電(dian)壓、時(shi)間(jian)、槽(cao)液中(zhong)的固體含量、pH值(zhi)、溫度、電(dian)導率(lv)以及工件與陰極之間(jian)的距離等因素(su)。

? ? ? ?電泳電壓。無論陰極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)還(huan)是陽極(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)樹脂本(ben)身結構(gou)性能決定(ding)的(de)，一般(ban)有適用的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍，在此(ci)范(fan)圍內，涂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)隨電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)升高(gao)而增加。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不斷升高(gao)時，由于沉(chen)積(ji)的(de)涂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)最(zui)終幾乎要經(jing)受(shou)全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降(jiang)，一旦電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓超過涂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)擊(ji)穿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，涂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)即會被(bei)擊(ji)穿，造成涂層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)粗(cu)糙、臃腫、橘皮、針孔等疵病，因此(ci)必(bi)須確定(ding)最(zui)佳的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓除了取決于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)樹脂本(ben)身相(xiang)對分子質量和分子結構(gou)外(wai)，還(huan)與槽液的(de)其他參數相(xiang)關聯，如槽液固體含(han)量、溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導、極(ji)間距等，因此(ci)必(bi)須在特定(ding)的(de)體系中，經(jing)常調整最(zui)佳的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范(fan)圍。

? ? ? ?電泳時間。從(cong)(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)涂(tu)(tu)裝的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)曲線(xian)來看，剛開始通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)(shi)，被涂(tu)(tu)工件完全(quan)裸(luo)露，它與(yu)(yu)槽液間(jian)(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差很高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極反應劇烈，致(zhi)使(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流急速(su)增(zeng)加(jia)，當涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)逐漸在(zai)(zai)工件上沉積，歐姆電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻增(zeng)大(da)，導致(zhi)在(zai)(zai)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)上的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位降增(zeng)大(da)，相應的(de)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)表(biao)面與(yu)(yu)槽液間(jian)(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位差降低，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極反應逐趨(qu)緩和(he)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流即逐漸下降，最終只呈現殘余(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流，沉積反應基本(ben)停止(zhi)。從(cong)(cong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)增(zeng)長情(qing)況來看，初(chu)期膜(mo)厚(hou)增(zeng)長速(su)率較快(十幾(ji)秒(miao)至幾(ji)十秒(miao))，然后增(zeng)長速(su)率降低，一般在(zai)(zai)2min后厚(hou)度(du)趨(qu)于飽和(he)狀態，故電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)通常為2一3min，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)過長，有(you)使(shi)(shi)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)變粗的(de)傾向，在(zai)(zai)采用全(quan)浸式通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)式時(shi)(shi)，要注意盡量(liang)縮短斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)出槽時(shi)(shi)間(jian)(jian)，以免電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)再溶解，影(ying)響(xiang)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)質量(liang)。

? ? ? ?槽液固體分。指電(dian)泳槽(cao)(cao)液中成(cheng)膜(mo)物質(樹脂與顏料)的(de)(de)含量(liang)(liang)，一(yi)般(ban)以重(zhong)量(liang)(liang)百分(fen)數和表示(shi)。電(dian)泳槽(cao)(cao)液固(gu)(gu)體分(fen)是電(dian)泳涂(tu)裝很重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)工藝參數之一(yi)，與電(dian)泳涂(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)質量(liang)(liang)密切(qie)相關(guan)，一(yi)般(ban)如果采用低(di)固(gu)(gu)體分(fen)電(dian)泳液，具有(you)工件帶(dai)出的(de)(de)電(dian)泳液損失較(jiao)少(shao)，電(dian)滲(shen)性較(jiao)高(gao)(gao)，水(shui)洗(xi)時用水(shui)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)少(shao)，廢水(shui)處理亦(yi)較(jiao)容易(yi)等(deng)優點(dian)，但固(gu)(gu)體分(fen)過低(di)，則(ze)導致涂(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)過薄(bo)，薄(bo)層(ceng)(ceng)外(wai)觀(guan)劣化(hua)，易(yi)產生針孔，電(dian)泳液不易(yi)維護等(deng)缺點(dian);反之，如固(gu)(gu)體分(fen)過高(gao)(gao)，則(ze)涂(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)易(yi)產生粗糙、橘皮等(deng)疵病，故電(dian)泳液的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)體分(fen)要(yao)保(bao)持在(zai)合(he)適(shi)的(de)(de)范圍，一(yi)般(ban)陽(yang)極電(dian)泳的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)體分(fen)在(zai)10%一(yi)15%之間，陰極電(dian)泳的(de)(de)固(gu)(gu)體分(fen)控制在(zai)19%一(yi)20%之間。?

? ? ? ?pH值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)確保(bao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)水(shui)(shui)溶性(xing)，獲得高質量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)涂層的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)參數。陽(yang)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)pH值(zhi)(zhi)一般(ban)控制在(zai)(zai)8一9之間(jian)，pH值(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)低則影響電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)溶性(xing)，輕則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)變成乳濁狀，重(zhong)則使樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)從電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)中析(xi)出，無法(fa)(fa)進行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)；pH值(zhi)(zhi)過(guo)高時，會(hui)使水(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)過(guo)程加劇，氣泡析(xi)出增多，導致(zhi)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)透力(li)下降，涂層外觀(guan)變差(cha)。并使沉積的(de)(de)涂層產生再溶解(jie)，厚度顯著減(jian)薄。因(yin)此在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)涂裝(zhuang)中必須嚴格控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)規定范(fan)圍內。在(zai)(zai)陽(yang)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)過(guo)程中，氨(胺)離子(zi)會(hui)不斷(duan)積聚(ju)在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)pH值(zhi)(zhi)有逐漸升高的(de)(de)趨勢(shi)，為保(bao)證(zheng)pH值(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)穩定，可(ke)以(yi)采(cai)用陰極罩，定期抽取陰極液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)降低pH值(zhi)(zhi)，也可(ke)補充低中和度(低胺)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)涂料來降低pH值(zhi)(zhi)。目前，維持電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)pH值(zhi)(zhi)穩定的(de)(de)最(zui)先(xian)進的(de)(de)方法(fa)(fa)是(shi)采(cai)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)超濾技術(shu)(UF)，可(ke)大大延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)使用壽命。陰極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)pH值(zhi)(zhi)范(fan)圍，第(di)一代陰極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)呈較強的(de)(de)酸性(xing)，pH值(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)(zai)3一4之間(jian)，第(di)二、第(di)三代陰極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)樹(shu)脂(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)，pH值(zhi)(zhi)可(ke)達(da)6以(yi)上接近中性(xing)的(de)(de)范(fan)圍，減(jian)輕了對設備、管路的(de)(de)腐蝕。

? ? ? ?電泳溫度(du)。在同樣的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)條件下，即(ji)固定(ding)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)壓、固體分(fen)、pH值(zhi)等其他參數，隨(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)升高，電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)樹(shu)脂粒(li)子的(de)(de)運動速(su)度(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)(jia)快，電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)沉積速(su)率(lv)提高，涂(tu)層(ceng)厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)增加(jia)(jia)(jia)，泳(yong)(yong)(yong)透力降低(di)。溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)過高，水的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)解(jie)過程(cheng)亦(yi)加(jia)(jia)(jia)劇，氣泡釋放量增加(jia)(jia)(jia)，導(dao)致涂(tu)層(ceng)粗(cu)糙(cao)、橘(ju)皮(pi)，甚至流掛，因(yin)此必須控制適宜(yi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)，一(yi)般取(qu)20℃一(yi)30℃為宜(yi)。目前，有(you)些電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)生產線，還(huan)沒有(you)對電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)加(jia)(jia)(jia)以溫(wen)控，均在常(chang)溫(wen)進(jin)行電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)，初始電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)溫(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)較(jiao)低(di)，隨(sui)著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)延(yan)續，電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)液(ye)(ye)自然升溫(wen)，這是造(zao)成電(dian)(dian)泳(yong)(yong)(yong)涂(tu)裝(zhuang)質量不穩定(ding)的(de)(de)原因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)，這種現(xian)象在寒(han)冬季節表現(xian)尤(you)為突(tu)出(chu)。??

? ? ? ?電導率。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)是控制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)漆膜層(ceng)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量的(de)(de)關鍵指標(biao)之一(yi)。新配溶液(ye)(ye)時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)可能較高，因(yin)此(ci)需要(yao)通過超濾排出滲液(ye)(ye)以降(jiang)低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)過高，則膜厚，易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)橘(ju)皮和(he)表面粗糙(cao)等(deng)(deng)現象(xiang)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)過低(di)，則容(rong)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)針(zhen)孔和(he)麻(ma)點。因(yin)此(ci)當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)高低(di)不(bu)同時(shi)(shi)，需要(yao)采(cai)用(yong)不(bu)同的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)槽液(ye)(ye)溫度(du)，以便獲得良(liang)好的(de)(de)膜層(ceng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)導(dao)(dao)(dao)率(lv)(lv)較高時(shi)(shi)，可采(cai)用(yong)較低(di)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)溫度(du);反之則要(yao)相應提高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)溫度(du)。在涂裝施工中，被涂物件從前一(yi)道工序帶入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)泳(yong)槽的(de)(de)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)離(li)子等(deng)(deng)引(yin)起涂料(liao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)值的(de)(de)下降(jiang)，從而導(dao)(dao)(dao)致(zhi)漆膜出現粗糙(cao)不(bu)均和(he)橘(ju)皮等(deng)(deng)弊(bi)病，因(yin)此(ci)需對涂料(liao)進行凈化處理。為了得到高質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)量涂膜，可采(cai)用(yong)陰極罩設備，以除去銨及鈣、鎂等(deng)(deng)正(zheng)離(li)子雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。

? ? ? ?工件與陰(yin)極的距離。工(gong)件與陰極間(jian)距(ju)離近(jin)，沉積效率高。但距(ju)離過近(jin)，會(hui)使(shi)漆膜(mo)太厚(hou)而產生流掛(gua)、橘皮等弊病。一般距(ju)離不低于(yu)20cm。對大(da)型而形狀復(fu)雜(za)的工(gong)件，當出現(xian)外部(bu)已沉積很厚(hou)涂(tu)膜(mo)，而內部(bu)涂(tu)膜(mo)仍(reng)較薄時(shi)，應(ying)在距(ju)離陰極較遠的部(bu)位增(zeng)加輔(fu)助陰極。

? ? ? ?除此以外(wai)，溶(rong)劑、烘(hong)烤溫度及時(shi)間等都是須綜(zong)合考慮，才能獲得最佳(jia)效果。