? ? ??

? ? ? ?隨著(zhu)海(hai)(hai)洋資源的開(kai)發，海(hai)(hai)上平臺數量也在(zai)快速增加，由于海(hai)(hai)上平臺鋼(gang)結構(gou)(gou)要(yao)求防腐(fu)期效較(jiao)長，而海(hai)(hai)上鋼(gang)結構(gou)(gou)直(zhi)接暴露(lu)在(zai)海(hai)(hai)洋鹽霧、雨露(lu)、陽光等環境(jing)(jing)中(zhong)，腐(fu)蝕(shi)環境(jing)(jing)極為苛刻。因(yin)此，鋼(gang)結構(gou)(gou)表面腐(fu)蝕(shi)控制要(yao)求涂層體(ti)系除應具有(you)良(liang)好的附(fu)著(zhu)力（可以在(zai)產品配方中(zhong)添加合適(shi)的附著力促進劑增進附著）和長效的防腐蝕性能外(wai)，還應具有良(liang)好(hao)的耐(nai)候性（添加合(he)適(shi)的紫外線吸收劑可(ke)以有效(xiao)提升(sheng)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)候(hou)性(xing)）和長效(xiao)防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)性(xing)能。涂層(ceng)體(ti)系應具有良好的耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)紫外(wai)線(xian)老化(hua)、低氯離子滲透性(xing)、高(gao)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)鹽霧性(xing)、高(gao)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)濕(shi)熱(re)型等(deng)(deng)性(xing)能，在局部涂層(ceng)破損時(shi)，還能通過陰極保(bao)護等(deng)(deng)途徑(jing)，保(bao)護底層(ceng)金屬底材不受腐(fu)(fu)蝕。因此，鋼結構表面(mian)防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)蝕涂層(ceng)主要選用由(you)高(gao)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)腐(fu)(fu)蝕底涂層(ceng)與中間(jian)涂層(ceng)和耐(nai)(nai)(nai)(nai)候(hou)面(mian)漆組成(cheng)的涂層(ceng)體(ti)系。

? ? ? 通過涂(tu)裝高(gao)耐(nai)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕底(di)涂(tu)層(ceng)可以(yi)在鋼(gang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)表(biao)面形(xing)成(cheng)一層(ceng)致(zhi)密的保(bao)護膜，以(yi)隔絕大氣(qi)(qi)中的水汽和(he)氯離(li)子等腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕介質，從而減(jian)緩(huan)或阻止鋼(gang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)受到腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕。目(mu)前對于海洋大氣(qi)(qi)環境下(xia)鋼(gang)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)高(gao)耐(nai)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕底(di)涂(tu)層(ceng)，主要包括噴涂(tu)金屬涂(tu)層(ceng)（鋅、鋁和(he)鋅鋁合金），以(yi)及富鋅底(di)漆涂(tu)層(ceng)（環氧富鋅、無(wu)機富鋅），兩種防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕技術在防(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)性(xing)能、施工成(cheng)本、環境影響和(he)后期(qi)維(wei)護上各有利弊。

? ? ? 中(zhong)間(jian)涂(tu)(tu)料主要在(zai)面(mian)漆(qi)和底(di)漆(qi)之(zhi)間(jian)承上(shang)啟下作用，它(ta)增加(jia)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度，是防(fang)腐(fu)蝕(shi)涂(tu)(tu)裝(zhuang)體系中(zhong)重要部分(fen)。中(zhong)間(jian)涂(tu)(tu)料對(dui)底(di)漆(qi)進(jin)行遮蓋，防(fang)止(zhi)腐(fu)蝕(shi)介(jie)質進(jin)入底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)內部，加(jia)強(qiang)面(mian)漆(qi)附(fu)著力同(tong)時(shi)增加(jia)了(le)整個涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)體系的(de)(de)厚度，延緩底(di)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)其電(dian)化學腐(fu)蝕(shi)發生的(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)，使(shi)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)壽(shou)命獲得(de)(de)提高。采用環(huan)氧云(yun)鐵(tie)中(zhong)間(jian)漆(qi)作為中(zhong)間(jian)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)，利(li)用涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)中(zhong)環(huan)氧樹脂及云(yun)母(mu)氧化鐵(tie)的(de)(de)片(pian)狀(zhuang)結(jie)構增強(qiang)屏(ping)蔽(bi)效果，延緩腐(fu)蝕(shi)介(jie)質的(de)(de)滲(shen)入時(shi)間(jian)。環(huan)氧云(yun)鐵(tie)中(zhong)間(jian)漆(qi)粘度大(da)，一次施工(gong)即可獲得(de)(de)較厚的(de)(de)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)厚度，施工(gong)性(xing)和涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)兼容性(xing)都較好(hao)。應用環(huan)氧云(yun)鐵(tie)中(zhong)間(jian)漆(qi)配合環(huan)氧富鋅底(di)漆(qi)使(shi)用，可以大(da)大(da)提高涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)防(fang)腐(fu)期(qi)效。

? ? ? 面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)對(dui)涂裝底(di)層(ceng)和中間(jian)層(ceng)具有(you)(you)(you)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)作(zuo)用，延緩(huan)底(di)層(ceng)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)發(fa)生時間(jian)，面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)涂層(ceng)應具有(you)(you)(you)優(you)(you)良(liang)的(de)(de)(de)耐候性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、抗(kang)老化(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、保(bao)(bao)光(guang)保(bao)(bao)色(se)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、耐鹽霧性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)、耐潮濕性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、漆(qi)(qi)(qi)膜堅硬光(guang)滑(hua)。作(zuo)為長(chang)效高(gao)耐久海洋(yang)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)，常用的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)有(you)(you)(you)聚氨(an)酯(zhi)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)、氟碳(tan)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)和聚硅氧(yang)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)。聚氨(an)酯(zhi)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)是一種高(gao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)的(de)(de)(de)長(chang)效重(zhong)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)涂料(liao)，在(zai)大(da)部(bu)分嚴(yan)重(zhong)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)環(huan)(huan)境中都(dou)得(de)到(dao)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用，而(er)相(xiang)較于(yu)溶劑(ji)型雙組分氟碳(tan)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)和改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚硅氧(yang)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)，其(qi)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)不(bu)如氟碳(tan)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)和改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚硅氧(yang)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)。改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚硅氧(yang)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)具有(you)(you)(you)優(you)(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)光(guang)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)也(ye)同樣優(you)(you)異(yi)，并且VOC較低，在(zai)環(huan)(huan)保(bao)(bao)方面(mian)(mian)具有(you)(you)(you)優(you)(you)勢，但改(gai)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)聚硅氧(yang)烷(wan)(wan)(wan)面(mian)(mian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)實(shi)際(ji)使(shi)用案例較少(shao)，使(shi)用性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)還需在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)應用中進一步的(de)(de)(de)驗(yan)證。氟碳(tan)涂料(liao)由于(yu)氟元(yuan)素的(de)(de)(de)電負性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)大(da)，碳(tan)氟鍵鍵能(neng)(neng)(neng)較強而(er)不(bu)容易在(zai)紫(zi)外光(guang)的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)射下斷裂，具有(you)(you)(you)優(you)(you)異(yi)的(de)(de)(de)耐老化(hua)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。氟碳(tan)涂層(ceng)表面(mian)(mian)能(neng)(neng)(neng)較低、漆(qi)(qi)(qi)膜堅韌，因此耐沖擊(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)、耐磨性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)和抗(kang)屈曲性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)等機械性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)較好。另外，氟碳(tan)涂料(liao)與(yu)環(huan)(huan)氧(yang)云鐵(tie)中間(jian)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)具有(you)(you)(you)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)配套性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，也(ye)能(neng)(neng)(neng)確保(bao)(bao)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)底(di)漆(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)防(fang)(fang)腐(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)蝕(shi)作(zuo)用。

? ? ? 目前，國內外(wai)對(dui)于海洋大氣(qi)環境下鋼結(jie)構的(de)防(fang)腐涂層要求，主要是(shi)根(gen)據ISO 12944《色漆和(he)清漆－防(fang)護(hu)涂料(liao)體系對(dui)鋼結(jie)構的(de)防(fang)腐蝕保護(hu)》和(he)NORSOK standard M-501:2012《表面處理和(he)防(fang)護(hu)涂層》的(de)標準要求進行防(fang)腐性(xing)能(neng)驗證(zheng)。